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25
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758 BC
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757 BC
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742 BC
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731 BC
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728 BC
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727 BC
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726 BC
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Boards 26 to 28 represent the period of the CAPTIVITY OF ISRAEL ...
26
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725 BC
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723 BC
FALL OF SAMARIA - Israel taken captive to Assyria during the 7th Hezekiah and 9th Hoshea. | |||||||||
| 717 BC = 3283 AM which represents: 3283 solar years of 365.2425 days per year, OR 3330 mean or sacred years of 360 days per year, OR 3383 lunar years of 354.3625 days per year.
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715 BC
Sennachareb of Assyria took "the fenced cities" of Judah during 715 BC. | |||||||||
714.6 BC = 3285.4 AM solar years of 365.2425 days per year, OR There are 1,200,000 days in 333.3333 "sacred" years | |||||||||
714 BC
God's angel smites the camp of the Assyrians 713 BC ... 3287 solar = 3387.8 lunar
The Anti-Diluvian Cycle of 77 years 3388 Lunar Years = 77 x 44 | |||||||||
700 BC or 3300 AM = the 66th Jubilee since Adam
In the chronology of years which follow below, the count of the Kings' reigns has been adjusted by five or six years to align this chronology with the official historian's date for the FALL OF JERUSALEM in 3413 AM (587 BC). It is pleasing to note that after work on a history of some 3300 years, that the chronology is only five or six years out of alignment with official history which can be proven by scientific and archaeological fact. 699 BC
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693 BC
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692 BC
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| 671 BC End of Rear Overhang linen/goat curtains 880" & 968" | ||||||
660 BC
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PROPHET JEREMIAH begins his ministry (Jeremiah 1.1). This date also confirmed in Jeremiah 25.3 | ||||||
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This is the southern end of the West Wall of the Tabernacle.
The next 20 boards represent the South Wall of the Tabernacle, moving from
the West end towards the exit at the Eastern entrance.
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Boards 29 to 31 represent the period of the CAPTIVITY OF JUDAH ...
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Between the 18th and 19th years of Josiah's reign, the Book of the Law (Deuteronomy) is discovered (2 Kings, chapter 22) | ||
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Daniel 1.1 - Jehoiakim's third year - Nebuchadnezzar's FIRST RAID ON JUDAH (Jerusalem). Jeremiah 25.1 says that this is Jehoiakim's fourth year Nebuchadnezzar becomes Crown Prince of Babylon. This year is Jeremiah the prophet's 23rd year (Jer. 25.3). 606 BC = Year 4-5
of King Eliakim or Jehoiakim of Judah. 605 BC = Year 5-6
of King Eliakim or Jehoiakim of Judah. 604 BC = Year 6-7
of King Eliakim or Jehoiakim of Judah. 602 BC = Year 8-9
of King Eliakim or Jehoiakim of Judah. 601 BC = Year 9-10
of King Eliakim or Jehoiakim of Judah. | ||||||
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Year 7 of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar raids the Arabs of Qedar and East Jordan. He carries out a SECOND RAID ON JUDAH, and takes 3023 captives. | |
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This is Year 8 of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. 598 BC = Year 1-2
of King Zedekiah of Judah. 597 BC = Year 2-3
of King Zedekiah of Judah. 596 BC = Year 3-4
of King Zedekiah of Judah. | |
Year 4-5 of King Zedekiah of Judah. Year 12 of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. This year is thirty years from Josiah's 18th year (Ezekiel 1.1-2). This is the base date used by Ezekiel for marking prophetic events therefrom (the fifth year of the captivity of former King Jehoichin). | ||||||
| Year 7-8 of King Zedekiah of Judah. Year 15 of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. |
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593 BC
Year 14 of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon 591 BC = Year 8-9
of King Zedekiah of Judah. 590 BC = Year 9-10
of King Zedekiah of Judah. 589 BC = Year 10-11
of King Zedekiah of Judah. 588 BC = Year 11-12
of King Zedekiah of Judah. 587 BC = Year 12-13
of King Zedekiah of Judah. 586 BC = Zedekiah's
daughters survive him. They escape the captivity of Babylon, taking with
them the heritage and survival of the "royal line" of the House
of David. 584 BC = Year 23 of
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. The total number of captives were 14,600 people. | ||||||
Panels 7 and 8 of linen curtain joined here 582 BC = Year 25 of
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. 573 BC = Year 34 of
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. 571 BC = Year 36 of
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. 568 BC = Year 39 of
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. 562 BC = Nebuchadnezzar's
45th year as King of Babylon. He dies during this year. It is 41 years from
when his IMAGE would have been set up in 3397 AM (603 BC). This is "one
prophetic hour" of a "day of a thousand years". | ||||||
| Judah's King Jehoiachin's 37 years' imprisonment ends (2 Kings 25.27), i.e. 3402 AM plus 37 years = 3439 AM |
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| 31 | Nergal Sharezer becomes King of Babylon. | ||||
| Nabonidus (Nabunaid) becomes King of Babylon | |||||
539 BC - FALL OF BABYLON TO DARIUS THE MEDE = 70 years from Eliakim's first regnal year in 3391 AM. (To Cyrus the Persian "In that night was Belshazzar the king ... slain". "In that Darius the Mede, made king - Daniel 5.30 and 9.1) | |||||
538 BC - Cyrus II of Persia, son of Cambysis, conquers Media, Lydia and Babylonia. The Persian series of Ptolemy's canon list of kings is confirmed by eclipses between 538 BC and 324 BC. | |||||
537 BC - CYRUS succeed DARIUS THE MEDE = 70 years from Nebuchadnezzar's first raid in 3393 AM - Jeremiah 25.12 Decree of Cyrus to let Jews return to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 1.1-11). 42,360 Jews return. (Ezra 2.1,2 and 64; Neh 7.66) | |||||
536 BC - This is 70 inclusive years from Nebuchadnezzar's first year as King of Babylon. Zerubbabel builds the Altar of the Temple at New Year (Ezra 3.1). The Feast of Tabernacles is kept (Ezra 3.1-13), but the foundation of the Temple is not yet laid (Ezra 3.10-13). The building of the Temple is hindered until fifteen years later "all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius King of Persia" - Ezra 4.4-5. This fifteen year period from 3464 AM contains the following reigns: 3463 AM to 3470 AM = CYRUS 3470 AM to 3477 AM = AHASUERUS-CAMBYSES 3477 AM to 3478 AM = ARTAXERXES-SMERDIS 3478 AM to 3513 AM = DARIUS KING OF PERSIA (not the Mede) | |||||
| 530 BC - AHASUERUS-CAMBYSES - An accusation to hinder building the Temple is written to Ahasuerus Cambyses "in the beginning of his reign" - Ezra 4.6. | |||||
| 530 BC - Event elsewhere: Prince Gautama founds Buddhism in India, Nepal. | |||||
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Boards 32 to 35 represent the period of JUDAH's return to Jerusalem through to the last biblical record ...
| 523 BC - Year 1 of ARTAXERXES-SMERDIS - Another accusation written to Artaxerxes-Smerdis. | |||||
522 BC - Year 2 of Artaxerxes-Smerdis Year 1 of DARIUS KING OF PERSIA - Ezra 4.7-24 - checking a further attempt to build. | |||||
521 BC - The Temple work ceased "unto the second year of ... Darius". Building begins again in the second year of Darius (Ezra 4.24; 5.1-2 and 6.13-14). Compare Zech 1.7; and Hag 1.1-15; Hag 2.10. All references are to this year of 3479 AM. Darius unearths the old "Decree of Cyrus" - Ezra 5.16-17; 6.1-3. | |||||
| 517 BC - This is seventy years from the burning of the Temple in 3413 AM. The new Temple building is finished (Ezra 6.15, 19) "and the children of the captivity kept the Passover". | |||||
| 500 BC - Event elsewhere: Confucianism developed in China | |||||
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| 490 BC - Events elsewhere: Marathon. Greeks repel Persian invasion. | |||||
485 BC - First year of reign of XERXES I in Egypt. Story of ESTHER opens in the third year of AHASUERUS (XERXES I) who "reigned from India even unto Ethopia", over 127 provinces (Esther 1.1-3). | |||||
| 481 BC - Esther 2.16-17 - "And the king (Ahasuerus) loved Esther ... and made her queen". | |||||
| 480 BC - Event elsewhere: 480-479 BC - Greeks defeat second Persian invasion (Salamis, Plataea). | |||||
465 BC - Enc. Britannica - "Small fragments survive of early poetic descriptions of eclipses, and the ninth paean of Pindar, addressed to the Thebans, takes an eclipse of the Sun as its theme, as follows:
"Pindar then proceeds to speculate on the meaning of this omen. Although he prays, 'Change this worldwide portent into some painless blessing for Thebes," he adds, "I in no wise lament whate'er I shall suffer with the rest.' This strongly suggests that Pindar, who was a Theban, had himself recently witnessed a great eclipse at his hometown. The most probable date for the solar eclipse is 30 April 463 BC; modern calculations indicate that the eclipse was nearly total at Thebes." | |||||
465 BC - XERXES I of Egypt dies. ARTAXERXES I reigns his first year in Egypt. | |||||
465 BC - Enc. Britannica - "The date of the death of Xerxes may be accurately fixed by reference to eclipses. On a tablet that lists lunar eclipses at 18-year intervals occurs the following brief announcement between two eclipse records:
"Unfortunately, the cuneiform sign for the day of the month is damaged, and a viable reading could be anything from 14 to 18. The year is missing, but it can be deduced from the 18-year sequence as 465 BC. This identification is confirmed by calculating the dates of the two eclipses stated to have occurred in the same year that Xerxes died. The first of these happened when the Moon was in the constellation of Sagittarius, while the second took place on the 14th day of the 8th lunar month. For many years both before and after 465 BC, no such combination of eclipses can abe found; it occurs only in 465 BC itself. The dates deduced for the two eclipses are 5th June and November 30 of that year. Mention of an intercalary sixth month on the same tablet enables the date of death of Xerxes to be fixed as some time between 4th and 8th August in 465 BC." | |||||
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| 459-458 BC - Seventh year of ARTAXERXES I in Egypt. ARTAXERXES commissions EZRA and his "party" to enquire in Judea (Ezra 7.11-14). Work of reformation begins and continues through the following year. | |||||
| 457 BC - Foreign wives are "put away" Ezra chapter 9. | |||||
| 446 BC - Twentieth year of ARTAXERXES. Decree to NEHEMIAH (Refer to the book of Nehemiah chapters 1-5) to "restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince" (Daniel 9.25). | |||||
| 445 BC - The book of the law of Moses is read by EZRA and NEHEMIAH for seven days before the congregation on "the first day of the seventh month" (seventh sacred month, i.e. first day of first civil month) - New Year's Day." (Nehemiah 8.1-2, 9), and the Feast of Tabernacles held, followed by a fast of humiliation and repentance. | |||||
| 440 BC - The historian Herodotus visited the Great Pyramid of Giza. It was a white, gleaming structure with its limestone casing still intact. The blocks were so precisely cut that the joints were virtually invisible. | |||||
434 BC - This is the last recorded date in the Old Testament of the Bible. It is the 32nd year of ARTAXERXES King of Babylon - NEHEMIAH returns to the Persian Court in Babylon and again obtains permission to return to Jerusalem to reform the abuses which had sprung up in his absence. He abolishes the Sabbath trading,, and checks the habit of mixed marriages. Prophetic ministry of MALACHI (Nehemiah 13.6). Upon this occasion of Nehemiah's last return to the city of Jerusalem he gave the people a very solemn warning which all Israel should take to heart today, relating to the extreme importance of the observance of the Sabbath as an act of respect to God who ordained this day of rest. Nehemiah was angry with the people, and said: "I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day? Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? YET YE BRING MORE WRATH UPON ISRAEL BY POFANING THE SABBATH" (Nehemiah 13.17-18). | |||||
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| 424 BC - JOIADA is High Priest of Judah | |||||
| 407 BC - HERE, the fifty golden TACHES or BUCKLES join the two sets of five-panelled curtains. The PILLARS which hold the VAIL are placed here under the taches, 440 inches from the entrance to the Tabernacle, which is also two-thirds of the 660" length of the tabernacle. See NOTE below. | |||||
NOTE: Upon entering the tabernacle from the east end, and walking along 20 boards length of the tabernacle from east to west, then walking across the west wall width of the tabernacle 8 boards, and then turning to face the entrance of the tabernacle and walking along the length of the tabernacle again, but in an easterly direction, one arrives at the sixth board, next to which the four pillars stand that hold the vail which separates the Most Holy Place from the Holy Place of the tabernacle. It is interesting, therefore to observe that having come out of the Most Holy Place, there is not another recorded biblical event till the time of Jesus Christ; and that the remaining boards leading to the eastern entrance, lead to the events of the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. So,
1. Before entering the vail are the periods in history of The Law and The Judges
2. Within the vail are the periods of the Prophets, Kings, and Captivities of Israel and Judah along with the destruction of the Temple, and The Return of Judah to Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple and the Wall of Jerusalem, and afterwards
3. Without the vail the interim period to the birth of Jesus Christ, his life, death and resurrection. It was at His resurrection that the bible describes the vail of the temple being "rent in twain". The Most Holy Place became open to the people, and was no longer the sole province of the priests and kings who intervened between God and the people. Now, all could come to God through Jesus Christ who showed the Way.
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Boards 36 to 47 represent the interim period AFTER the last recorded
biblical event to
the Birth of Jesus ...
| 382 BC - JOHANAN (or JONATHAN) High Priest of Judah | |||||
| 367 BC - JOHANAN the High Priest murders his brother in the temple | |||||
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| 350 BC - JADDUA High Priest of Judah | |||||
| 334 BC - Alexander the Great begins conquest of the East | |||||
332 BC - The Fall of the Medo-Persian Empire and the rise of the Greek Empire. ALEXANDER besieges Tyre, demands submission of the Jews and marches on Jerusalem. | |||||
| 331 BC - Settlement of Jews at ALEXANDRIA | |||||
330 BC - ONIAS I, High Priest of Judah In England, 330-320 BC, Pytheas of Massilia (Marseilles) - a Greek sailor - circum-navigates Britain, and describes Cornish tin trade with the Mediterranean at Land's End and St. Michael's Mount or Plymouth. |
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| 326 BC - By 326 BC, Babylon had surrendered to Greece, and the Greek Empire is subsequently divided between Alexander's Generals. | |||||
323 BC - Alexander the Great dies (on 10th June). He was Lord of Egypt, the Persian Empire, and part of India. The Alexandrian series of Ptolomey's canon list of kings is confirmed by eclipses between 323 BC and 30 BC. | |||||
| 320 BC - PTOLEMY I SOTER takes Jerusalem. Jews are settled at Alexandria, Egypt and Cyrene. | |||||
| 314 BC - ANTIGONUS ruler over Palestine | |||||
| 312 BC - SELEUCUS I NICATOR conquers Babylon - Seleucid Era begins. Babylon is ruled from Syria by the Greeks for nearly 200 years to come. | |||||
301 BC - War of the successors (Diadochi) of Alexander brought to an issue by the Battle of IPSUS in PHRYGIA. Also, the death of ONIAS I. SIMON I, THE JUST, high priest. According to Jewish tradition, he was the greatest of the later line of priests, last survivor of the "Great Synagogue" of 120, who returned with Ezra from the Babylonian Captivity. The "New Synagogue" succeeded, whose office was to interpret the Old Testament Scriptures, whose canon had just been completed (?). | |||||
| 300 BC - In England, there is increasing influence of European Celtic peoples, through trading contacts or invasion, shown by introduction of art forms common in La Tene culture from Brittany and Normandy | |||||
This is the middle of the twenty boards along the South Wall of the Tabernacle.
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| 292 BC - ELEAZAR - high priest. | |||||
| 285 BC - PTOLEMY II PHILADELPHUS - According to tradition, Prolemy and Eleazar ordain the execution of the LXX (Septguant) translation of the Old Testament. This marks the epoch of Hellenism. NOTE: The dates of the High Priests down to ONIAS III are not trustworthy. | |||||
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| 251 BC - MANASSEH - High Priest | |||||
| 240 BC - ONIAS II - High Priest. He refuses to pay tribute to PTOLEMY III EUERGETES. JOSEPH, son of TOBIAS the High Priest's nephew, contrives to appease PTOLEMY. | |||||
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| 226 BC - SIMON II - High Priest | |||||
| 221 BC - Event Elsewhere: The Great Wall of China begun. | |||||
| 219 BC - ANTIOCHUS III of Syria overpowers Palestine which is shortly afterwards recovered by PTOLEMY IV of Egypt (Philophator). | |||||
| 217 BC - Identifiable eclipses that were recorded under named Roman Consuls are recorded from 217 BC. | |||||
| 205 BC - PTOLEMY II EPIPHANES - succeeds Pt Philophator as ruler of Egypt at the age of five. ANTIOCHUS III (the Great) of Syria, makes war upon him and conquers COESLESYRIA and PALESTINE in 3802. Antiochus grants the Jews an annual subsidy for offerings; the Gentiles are forbidden to enter the Temple. | |||||
| 200 BC - Enc. Britannica - "After about 200 BC, a wide variety of celestial phenomena began to be noted in China on a regular basis. Summaries of these records are found in astronomical treatises contained in the official dynastic histories." | |||||
| 198 BC - Death of the High Priest SIMON II. ONIAS III is High Priest. |
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| 190 BC - Enc. Britannica - "Livy records an eclipse as happening at the beginning of July. The calculated date, however, is March 14 in that year. Consequently, the Roman calendar in that year must have been as much as three-and-a-half months out of adjustment." ... "The Solar Eclipse recorded at Rome in 190 BC is one of several eclipses which have been used to determine months in the Roman calendar in the natural year." | |||||
| 180 BC - Ecclesiasticus written by Jesus SIRACHIDES about 180 BC. | |||||
| 175 BC - Accession of ANTIOCHUS IV, surnamed EPIPHANES (but with the epithet epimanes, "mad"). Onias III visits Antioch to clear himself from the charges of Simon, treasurer of the Temple. Through bribes and promises of the tribute, JOSHUA (or Jason), brother of Onias, representing the Hellenising party at Antioch, obtains the High Priesthood. Onias III, deposed. Temple worship neglected. Gymnasium erected for young Jews. Deputies sent with gifts to quinquennial games of Tyrian Hercules. | |||||
| 172 BC - Menelaus outbids Jason in bribes, and supplants him. Summoned to Antioch, he sells the Temple vessels to the Tyrians in order to bribe Andronicus, governor at Antioch. He is accused by Onias, and the latter is murdered. | |||||
168 BC - Deposition of Menelaus by Jason, who assaults Jerusalem with 1000 men. Antiochus invades Judaea, takes Jerusalem by storm, and slaughters without distinction of age or sex; profanes the Temple altar by sacrifice of swine. Apollonius, by orders of Antiochus, commits frightful massacres on Sabbath. Antiochus promulgates his Edict of Uniformity in Religion. Temple on Mount Gerizim dedicated to Zeus Xenios, and at Jerusalem to Zeus Olympios. The courts of the latter polluted by licentious orgies and idolatrous offerings made on its altars. Glorious resistance of the aged priest MATTATHIAS and his sons, who gather Chasidim (Assidaeans) around them and retire to mountain fastnesses, whence they issue and slaughter the idolatrous worshippers. In Rome: The Macedonian War, and the conquest of Macedonia. | |||||
| 168 BC - Enc. Britannica - "The eclipse of the Moon on 21-22 June 168 BC, has attracted much attention. The Romans were at that time at war with Macedonia, and Polybius says that this eclipse was interpreted as an omen of the eclipse of a king and thus encouraged the Romans and discouraged the Macedonians." ... "This lunar eclipse seen at Pydna in Macedonia was on record of several eclipses which have been used to determine months in the Roman calendar in the natural year." | |||||
167 BC - Battle of Beth-horon. Army of Apollonius routed by JUDAS surnamed MACCABAEUS (the "Hammerer"), son of Mattathias. Nicanor and Gorgias ordered by Antiochus to extirpate the Jewish people. Battle of Ashdod. Gorgias, attempting to surprise the Jewish camp, is utterly routed, with immense loss of booty. | |||||
| 166 BC - Battle of Bethsura. Lysias, with 65,000 troops, defeated by Judas with much inferior force. Jerusalem retaken. Judas cleanses the Temple and replaces the sacred vessels from the captured booty. Sanctuary is re-dedicated, and Feast of Dedication instituted. | |||||
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| 164 BC - Death of Antiochus at Tabae. Succeeded by ANTIOCHUS V. EUPATOR. | |||||
| 163 BC - Siege of Bethsura by Lysias with 100,000 troops. | |||||
| 162 BC - Alcimus appointed High Priest by Antiochus, and head of the Hellenising party; is supported by DEMETRIUS SOTER. Nicanor, despatched to restore him to the High Priesthood, defeated by Judas at Capharsalama. | |||||
161 BC - Battle of Adasa (near Beth-horon). Nicanor defeated and slain. Bachides sent by Demetrius to avenge Nicanor's death. Battle of Eleasa. Judas attempts to fight against overwhelming numbers with a body of 800 men, and, after defeating the right wing of the Syrians, is himself slain. He is buried in his father's sepulchre at Modin. JONATHAN, surnamed APPHUS, youngest son of Mattathias, is chosen leader. | |||||
| 158 BC - Bacchides makes peace with Jonathan, who governs the people from the stronghold of Michmash. | |||||
153 BC - Jonathan's favour is sought by Demetrius against his rival ALEXANDER BALAS. The latter nominates Jonathan High Priest, and sends him a purple robe and golden crown. Jonathan wears these at the Feast of Tabernacles, and inaugurates the line of Asmonaean priest-princes. The Jews support Alexander Balas in spite of the lavish promises of Demetrius. | |||||
| 147 BC - Apollonius, governor of Coelesyria, adherent of Demetrius, defeated by Jonathan at Azotus. The latter is established in his position as High Priest by Demetrius. | |||||
| 146 BC - In Rome: Destruction of Carthage by Scipio, and capture of Corinth by Mummius. By 146 BC Rome was the supreme power in the Mediterranean. | |||||
| 144 BC - Jonathan confirmed in his authority by ANTIOCHUS VI THEOS. Simon appointed governor of the country from Tyre to Egyptian border. The followers of Demetrius overthrown by Jonathan near Gennesareth and Hammath. Simon takes Ascalon and Joppa. Towns of Judaea fortified, and walls of Jerusalem heightened. Jonathan is slain through the plots and treachery of Tryphon. | |||||
| 143 BC - SIMON, surnamed THASSI, last of the five sons of Mattathias, becomes High Priest. | |||||
| 142 BC - Tower of Jerusalem purified and entered. Prosperity and peace enjoyed by Jews. First year of freedom of the Jews. | |||||
| 137 BC - ANTIOCHUS VII refuses the aid of Simon against the usurper Tryphon. War ensues with Syria. In the battle of Jamnia, Cendebeus, the Syrian General, is completely defeated by Simon's sons, Judas and John. | |||||
136 BC - Enc. Britannica - "Solar Eclipse 15th April 136 BC recorded by Babylonian astronomers, and discovered on two damaged tablets.
"This is an exceptionally fine account of a total solar eclipse and is by far the best preserved from the ancient world. As will be seen, the Babylonians were able to detect a number of stars, as well as four planets, during the few minutes of darkness. Modern calculations confirm that Jupiter and Mars were too near the Sun to be observed under normal circumstances; Jupiter was very close to the solar disk." | |||||
| 135 BC - Simon and his sons, Judas and Mattathias, treacherously assassinated by Ptolemy. | |||||
133 BC - JOHN HYRCANUS, second son of Simon, becomes High Priest. He is compelled by famine to surrender Jerusalem and become tributary to ANTIOCHUS EUSEBES. Till 121 BC, the Romans cause the collapse of the failing Selucid Empire. In 133 BC, Attalus of Pergamos bequeathed his whole kingdom, together with its serpent worship, to Pagan Rome. Ancient Roman coins and standards subsequently reveal the serpent as a conspicuous part of Rome's national heraldry. | |||||
| 132 BC - Prologue to Ecclesiasticus written by the grandson of Jesus Sirachides. |
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| 128 BC - Judaea recovers independence with the death of Antiochus. | |||||
125 BC- Hyrcanus conquers the east of the Jordan. About 125 BC some of Amalek's descendants known as Idumeans, were absorbed into the Jewish nation. The Amalekites and Idumeans were descendants of Jacob's twin brother, Esau. | |||||
| 123 BC - In Rome: 123-121 BC - Caius Gracchus (agrarian reforms), and the Selucid empire finally collapses by 121 BC. | |||||
| 111 BC - In Rome: War with Jugurtha. | |||||
| 109 BC - Hyrcanus destroys the temple on Mount Gerizim, and builds the tower of Baris north-west of the Jerusalem Temple enclosure (Antonia). In consequence of a quarrel with Eleazar, he turns Sadducee. | |||||
106 BC - Death of Hyrcanus. ARISTOBUSUS I seizes the High Priesthood, murders in jealousy his brother Antigonus; dies of illness and remorse. In Rome: Birth of Cicero. | |||||
| 105 BC - ALEXANDER JANNAEUS. | |||||
| 102 BC - In Rome: Cimbri and Teutones defeated by Marius by 101 BC | |||||
100 BC - In Rome: Birth of Julius Caesar. From 100 BC in England, Celtic culture was right throughout Britain. Belgic people arrive, Catuvellauni occupying territory north-east of River Thames and west to Chiltern hills, Trinovantes settling in Essex. Mixed and arable farming increases in Southern Britain, north stays mainly pastoral. Coinage introduced. | |||||
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| 92 BC - The Pharisees instigate a rebellion against Alexander Jannaeus. He is expelled, but returns to Jerusalem in triumph. | |||||
| 90 BC - In Rome: First Mithridatic War. | |||||
| 86 BC - In Rome: Death of Marius | |||||
80 BC - In Rome: Second Mithridatic War - SULLA dictator. In Britain: 80-50 BC, a second wave of Belgic invasion (Atrebates, Regni) settle in Sussex, Berkshire, East Hampshire. Settlements on low ground (oppida) behind dykes. Lake villages built (including Glastonbury anbd Meare, Somerset.) Cremation burials, in urns or buckets, some with rich grave goods. Druids in charge of religion and education. | |||||
| 78 BC - Alexander becomes reconciled to the Pharisees; dies at the siege of Ragaba. His wife, ALEXANDRA, succeeds him; encourages ARISTOBULUS, her son, to resist the Pharisees; makes her eldest son, Hyrcanus, High Priest. | |||||
| 70 BC - HYRCANUS II succeeds, on the death of Alexandra, and is supported by Pharisees. Both are defeated by ARISTOBULUS who captures Jerusalem. | |||||
| 69 BC - ARISTOBULUS II, High Priest and ruler. Antipater supports Hyrcanus. The latter appeals for help to Aretas, king of the Nabatheans, who, with 50,000 men, defeats Aristobulus, and besieges him in the Temple. | |||||
| 67 BC - In Rome: Pompey's successful war against the pirates Lex Manilia. | |||||
| 66 BC - In Rome: Pompey defeats Mithridates. |
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| 65 BC- Scaurus, Pompey's lieutenant, deposes Antiochus XIII, and annexes Syria to the Roman dominions. Receives ambassadors from Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, and decides in favour of the claims of Aristobulus. But this decision is afterwards reversed. | |||||
| 64 BC - POMPEY holds a court at Damascus. Antipater bribes more than 1000 Jews to support Hyrcanus. Pompey decides in favour of Hyrcanus. | |||||
63 BC - Resistance of Aristobulus. He surrenders Jerusalem, and is himself taken prisoner. The Temple still resists, and after three months is captured and 12,000 Jews slain. Pompey enters the Holy of Holies. HYRCANUS II restored to authority. Judaea ruled by Rome through Antipater. In Rome: Consulship of Cicero, and conspiracy of Catiline. | |||||
| 60 BC - In Rome: First Triumvirate of JULIUS CAESAR, POMPEY, and CRASSUS. | |||||
| 58 BC - In Rome: Caesar's campaigns in Gaul begin and continue through to 51 BC. | |||||
| 56 BC - The Romans thwarted Phill |